PFAS is a class of more than 4,000 different chemicals. PFAS is created by joining carbon and fluorine. The most commonly used PFAS chemicals have long half-lives, that is why they are called the ‘forever chemical’. A Harvard data scientist, Cindy Hu, was part of a research team, EWG, that had found that at least six million Americans were drinking tap water contaminated with PFAS, chemicals PFOS and PFOA, that exceeded EPA recommendations. “The EPA has a health advisory for the two chemicals, saying that they shouldn’t exceed 70 parts per trillion (ppt) in drinking supplies.” (Gibbins, 2020). The advisory that they put out is a way of them saying this shouldn’t be in drinking water, but there is no enforcement that follows up on it. The EWG put out a much lower limit saying that any tap water that exceeds 1 ppt could be potentially harmful. The limit they put out was based on studies that were done on humans and rodents. Hu disagreed with their findings saying that they should have looked into the specific chemicals like PFOA and PFOS, due to the fact that scientists haven’t determined whether to regulate PFAS as an entire class or on the individual chemicals. After a lawsuit case against a manufacturing plant by a local farmer, the CDC did some investigating into PFAS chemicals and found that 14 of them have a link to cancer, birth defects, thyroid disease, and liver damage, other chemicals were linked to high cholesterol and nerve disorders. It has been found by regular testing that is conducted by the U.S. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, that PFAS chemicals are found in nearly all blood samples that they have taken. They have found that the replacements that have started being produced in the early 2000’s have also been linked to kidney damage, immune system impairment, and reproductive issues. David Andrews, who is a senior scientist at the EWG, is quoted saying “It’s a clear indication that the EPA and their ability to set clean drinking water standards is completely broken.” The article then goes on to explain that the EPA hasn’t listed any new chemicals in the Safe Drinking Water Act since 1996. Now many states have set their own guidelines for their drinking water and PFAS, and people are still waiting on the bill to pass so that there is a unified standard for all states.
This article shows that the writers as well as average people have a base of understanding towards the topic. In the end of that article, it said that states were setting their own guidelines, meaning that people’s eyes have been open to the harm that this group of chemicals could do to their citizens. The article had many sources and a lot of information to back up what they were saying. This was definitely not an opinions piece, there were sources from EWG themselves talking about this issue. I do think that the EPA setting a high ppt count for the PFAS chemicals was not the right move on their part. I do think that they should have done a lot of research and collected a lot more data and then came out with their ppt count, so that for one, it would be supported and two, it would have been the correct amount.
I never even knew that this issue was around. It should be talked about more and reported more. I think that if there have been reports of people getting seriously sick, the EPA should have done a lot of research and at least make it seem like they cared enough. The way that the article depicts what the EPA did makes it seem like they didn’t care enough or that they had other pressing matters to deal with. I think that there should be a lot more research into the chemicals and that the bill should be passed to put at least some of these chemicals under the Safe Drinking Water Act.
Work Cited
Gibbins, Sarah. “Toxic ‘Forever Chemicals’ More Common in Tap Water than Thought, Report Says.” National Geographic, 24 Jan. 2020, www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2020/01/pfas-contamination-safe-drinking-water-study/.
As you reflect on the class’s trajectory of readings in the context of this podcast, what role do you see language playing in your life? Work hard to articulate your relationship with language–the good, the bad, and the ugly. How important has language been to you in the past? How important is it now? What role do you see language playing in your future?
Language plays a huge role in everyones life. For me, it helps me understand people and the world around me. Language gives me the opportunity to experience the world through sounds and understanding the people around me. My relationship with language is interesting. I know how to get my points across, but when it comes to making it clear, it gets foggy. I talk quite fast sometimes, and because I do that, I miss some points that make the story or information clear. Language can get confusing for some, especially if they know many languages. communicating is important for everyday life. We communicate so many things throughout the day that it is essential for life to be able to communicate, whether through ASL, talking, or even writing. Language was and still is important to my life, without communication I wouldn’t be where I am today. I wouldn’t be able to go to college, write papers, listen and understand lectures. It is essential to my future to be able to further my career in life, and even further my social life.
The idea that education should reach into including the arts into our schools curriculum is favored by many, but some parents and teachers also disagree, along with the board of education. Back in my home town of Fairfield, Connecticut, there have been many budget cuts in the funding for art and music programs. They even threatened to take away the music classes, which so many students are a part of and claim that that is the part of the day that they look forward to the most. Many students are dealing with divorce in their families, and many of them enjoy the outlet of the arts to help with the stress of home life. The school boards don’t think about this when looking at budgeting and creating the curriculum. The school boards are required to follow the Common Core Standards; the standards say nothing about the arts program in it, making the art department the first thing to go when money gets tight. The Common Core standards also has a scoring process which determines budgeting, the schools will cut art classes to make their scores higher to get the most of the budget. These schools also take into consideration the No Child Left Behind Act of 2015. This act says that children must be tested between the grades of 3 to 8 and once in high school to make sure they are keeping up with the rest of the class. This act would help so many children get the correct structure in the sense that they can walk out of high school with the necessary knowledge. But since these tests only test reading, writing, and math, schools tend to cut arts out of the children’s schedule if they are falling behind. This leaves kids who are struggling in core classes not able to participate in the arts, that could help them cope with home life, and therefore create a better environment for them to succeed in other classes. The arts evoke creativity and thinking outside of the box. I don’t want our next generations of children to walk out of high school missing that opportunity, do you? Art not only will help our newer generations become more well rounded individuals, it will also help them cope with something that many children have to deal with nowadays, divorce.
Original
The idea that education should reach into including the arts into our schools curriculum is favored by many, but some parents and teachers also disagree, along with the board of education. Back in my home town of Fairfield, Connecticut, there have been many budget cuts in the funding for art and music programs. They even threatened to take away choir and the instrumental classes which so many students are a part of and claim that that is the part of the day that they look forward to the most. Many students are dealing with divorce in their families, and many of them enjoy the outlet of the arts to help with the stress of home life. The school boards don’t take this into consideration when looking at budgeting and creating the curriculum. The school boards are required to follow the Common Core Standards; in these standards it says nothing about the arts program in it, making the art department the first thing to go when money gets tight. The Common Core standards also have a scoring process which determines budgeting, the schools will cut art classes to make their scores higher to get the most of the budget. These schools also take into consideration the No Child Left Behind Act of 2015. This act states that children must be tested between the grades of 3 to 8 and once in high school to make sure they are keeping up with the rest of the class. This act would help so many children get the correct structure in the sense that they can walk out of high school with the necessary knowledge. But since these tests only test reading writing and math, schools tend to cut arts out of the children’s schedule if they are falling behind. This leaves kids who are struggling in core classes not able to participate in the arts, that could help them cope with home life, and therefore create a better environment for them to succeed in other classes. The arts evoke creativity and thinking outside of the box. I don’t want our next generations of children to walk out of high school missing that opportunity, do you? Art not only will help our newer generations become more well rounded individuals, it will also help them cope with something that many children have to deal with nowadays, divorce.
I plan on incorporating a picture from the study that I read into the piece of a girls drawing of a butterfly that can help show the readers a visual to help understand my writing about the study.
I also plan on incorporating a pop quote from my own personal story or from an observational study that I read. I wanted to include one of these quotes because I know it would get the readers attention and give them an idea of what the essay would be about.
- “I would sit with her with a white board and just draw as we talked about my life and my parents.” (personal story)
- “Friends who had not experienced divorce were not able to provide support.” (other study)
I want to try and include a link to a video about divorce and its effects on child development.
Outline
Education/Child Development
- Using the study I found would help solidify the point that children need art to help them understand the world and develop their knowledge outside of just the “core” that adults set up for them.
- Adding a picture from the study to help solidify the idea.
- Can use that to Segway into Yo-Yo Ma saying
- The curriculum in schools ignore the fact that at the end of the day, the individuals that they are teaching are kids who are just trying to understand this world. Yo-Yo Ma, in his article Necessary Edges: Arts, Empathy, and Education, talks about how “In our industrialized societies there is a great deal of controversy these days over what life is and when it begins and how we approach the agony of death which, in industrial society, we try to avoid thinking about it… the arts help us cope with these issues by engaging, not avoiding.”
- I would go on to talk about how bringing this kind of upfront learning and using art to help the thoughts develop would be beneficial to the growing generations.
- I want to find a clear way to quote Lehrer and use either his or Yo-Yo Ma’s essay to Segway into the naysayer paragraph.
Naysayer paragraph with concluding sentence of:
- Art not only will help our newer generations become more well rounded individuals, it can help them cope with something that many children have to deal with nowadays, divorce.
Therapy
- Divorced Children: the repercussions that they face from having parents in divorce.
- How art can help with the possible repercussions.
- In Yo-Yo Ma’s essay he talks about empathetic thinking and how it can help us understand that “There is something that connects us all and is bigger than each of us.” (Yo-Yo Ma, 2).
- This can be used for children in therapy to better understand why their parents got divorced and better cope with it. This being said, the empathetic thinking
- How art can help with the possible repercussions.
Child development in the current generation is something that many parents and school professionals take very seriously. This study conducted by Tiina Kukkonen and Sandra Chang-Kredl looked into the use of drawing as social play and how the children interact and help build meaning through the use of art. I feel that this essay would help me build more meaning as to why art should be integrated into the curriculum starting in younger grades like kindergarten, all the way until high school. I find this source to be trustworthy because it is published by The International Journal Of Art and Design, which is a peer-reviewed academic journal which publishes on behalf of The National Society for Education in Art and Design. I want to build the connection between Yo-Yo Ma and this study in regards to the use of art in helping create a more well rounded curriculum and the benefits that art can produce for children and even adults. I also want to build a connection between this study and Lehrer’s piece to show how art can help in many fields not only child development but the sciences as well.
Kukkonen, T., & Chang-Kredl, S. (2017). Drawing as Social Play: Shared Meaning-Making in Young Children’s Collective Drawing Activities. International Journal of Art & Design Education, 37(1), 74–87. https://doi.org/10.1111/jade.12116
I wanted to also include some information from another article about how people with divorced parents grow up and the struggles that they go through. This article interviews 10 adults who were younger than 18 when their parents got divorces, and talked about the long lasting effects that they have noticed that affect their own relationships and other effects it may have had. I felt that this essay could also help me integrate the effects of divorce and my ideas on the use of art in therapy to help the coping effects. I would want to build these connections with Yo-Yo Ma and these interview findings in regards to the use of art in helping children cope and develop through tougher times.
Sheala C. Morrison, Stephen T. Fife & Katherine M. Hertlein (2017) Mechanisms behind Prolonged Effects of Parental Divorce: A Phenomenological Study, Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 58:1, 44-63, DOI: 10.1080/10502556.2016.1262652
Naysayer paragraph
The idea that education should reach into including the arts into our schools curriculum is favored by many, but many also disagree, especially the board of education. Back in my home town of Fairfield, Connecticut, there have been many budget cuts in the funding for many of the offered art and music programs. They even threatened to take away choir and the instrumental classes. The school boards are required to follow the Common Core Standards; in these standards it says nothing about the arts program in it, making the art department the first thing to go when money gets tight. The Common Core standards also have a scoring process which determines budgeting, the schools will cut art classes to make their scores higher to get the most of the budget. These schools also take into consideration the No Child Left Behind Act of 2015. This act states that children must be tested between the grades of 3 to 8 and once in high school to make sure they are keeping up with the rest of the class. President Bush put the original act into effect in 2001, right after 9/11, stating, “The new law reflects a remarkable consensus-first articulated in the President’s No Child Left Behind framework-on how to improve the performance of America’s elementary and secondary schools while at the same time ensuring that no child is trapped in a failing school.” This act would help so many children get the correct structure in the sense that they can walk out of high school with necessary knowledge. But since these tests only test reading writing and math, schools tend to cut arts out of the children’s schedule if they are falling behind. leaving kids walking out of high school without a well rounded education. The arts evoke creativity and thinking outside of the box. I don’t want our next generations of children to walk out of high school missing that opportunity, do you?
“Executive Summary of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001.” Home, US Department of Education (ED), 20 Nov. 2007, www2.ed.gov/nclb/overview/intro/execsumm.html.
When thinking about the education of our youth you want them to be the most well rounded people that they can be. When you think of the curriculum now, we are ignoring a valuable part; the art. The use of art in the curriculum for schools can make kids more apt to do well and be more creative thinkers. As the writer of “Necessary Edges: Arts, Empathy, and Education”, Yo-Yo Ma, says, “Empathetic thinking is something that is severely missing in education today that is only STEM oriented. everyone wants innovation, recovering that inspired and innovative spirit of JFK talking about going to the moon…. The arts teach us that there is something that connects us all and is bigger than each of us.” This is a good way of looking at society in todays world. People are trying to force the new generations into becoming the next JFK, the innovation, the inspiration that he showed. They want kids to have this by using strict systems in the schools. When I went to high school, I was blessed to have the arts and music involved in the curriculum. This helped me find my passion for art and being creative. this helped me branch out into different ways of showing my creative side. When Yo-Yo Ma talks about changing the teaching style to include arts into the core classes, I agree with him. If I hadn’t had that experience as a kid growing up, I may have had to wait till I was much older to realize how much it had impacted me.
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